Infertility and pregnancy loss counsellor Megan Downer knows how difficult it can be to comfort someone who has experienced pregnancy loss. "Children are very important in all cultures. So where women have had miscarriages, sometimes they can hold a lot of shame around that," she says. "For those supporting someone who has miscarried, do not minimise the loss. Miscarriage is often devastating."

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People who haven't experienced miscarriage themselves can underestimate the significance of the loss. When broadcaster Stacey Morrison lost a pregnancy, her first thought was with her friends who had also been through miscarriage, and how she could have been a better source of support for them. "It's so hard as a friend to understand what they've been through, and it's not as tangible," she says.

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It can also be hard for other people to understand that although the pregnancy might not have progressed very far, the baby may still have become an important part of the family. "It doesn't matter how early or how far in pregnancy it was," says bereaved parent Maryam Alavi. "The baby was already with us - and we lost that."

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Even the most well-intentioned people can say things that feel insensitive, as Noriko Kodera experienced. "I'm sure my mother was trying to encourage me, but I was very hurt by her words," Kodera says. "What she said was: It's very common to have a miscarriage - many people suffer from them. I could not understand why she said that to me when I was in despair."

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Sometimes cultural factors come into play. "Most Island families, they just keep it in," explains Nisi Naufahu, whose partner Lisa Moa had a miscarriage. "Because I'll never talk like this to my parents. It's just hard."

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Journalist Miriama Kamo has some tips for people who are struggling to find the right words to use to comfort their loved ones. "If you don't know what to say, just say: I am so sorry for your loss, and I hope you're okay, and if you need anybody, I'm here."

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Funeral director and star of The Casketeers Kaiora Tipene thinks practical offers are best.

"If anyone could have said to me 'What can I do to help you today?', I probably would have cried but that's what I needed to hear, because I know that person is genuinely there to care for me at that moment."

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Need support?

• If you think you may be having a miscarriage, contact your lead maternity carer - this may be a midwife or your GP. Alternatively, call Healthline free on 0800 611 116, or visit your local Urgent Medical Centre or hospital

• Visit the Miscarriage Support website or join the Facebook group.

• Visit the Sands website. Sands supports parents and families who have experienced the death of a baby.

• Free call or text 1737 to talk to a trained counsellor.